Stud
Stud turns up in 2 fields: fasteners, building. Here is what it means to the people in each one.
Stud in fasteners
A headless rod threaded at both ends or along its full length, used with nuts or screwed into a tapped hole.
A fastener with no head, threaded on both ends (a double-end stud) or along its whole length (a continuous-thread stud). One end is often screwed permanently into a tapped casting so parts can be lifted on and off without wearing the soft internal thread, with a nut doing the tightening on the free end. Pipe flanges use full-thread stud bolts in B7 alloy steel with a heavy hex nut on each end.
"Don't pull the studs on the turbo flange, just take the nuts off and lift the housing straight over them."
Stud in building
A vertical framing member that forms the core framework of a wall.
A repetitive vertical post, typically made of dimensional lumber or light-gauge steel, used to build the skeleton of a wall. Studs provide the attachment surface for exterior sheathing and interior drywall, carry vertical structural loads down to the floor plate, and create the cavity space for insulation, wiring, and plumbing.
"Layout the bottom plate and mark your studs at sixteen inches on center."